Adaptation to Spanish of the "Relational Needs Satisfaction Scale": Translation and psychometric testing.

This article aims to adapt to Spanish the Relational Needs Satisfaction Scale (RNSS) and to test the factor structure with a clinical and a non-clinical sample. A total of 459 individuals completed the RNSS, a measure of life satisfaction and of psychological wellbeing. Results showed that the translation was adequate. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted followed by the test of three models that confirmed the five-factor structure and the second-order global factor proposed in the original study, and in adaptations to other languages. The advantages and disadvantages of these models are discussed. Correlations of the RNSS with life satisfaction and psychological wellbeing measures were in the expected direction, providing evidence of convergent validity. The Spanish version of the RNSS is a valid and reliable measure of the construct it was intended to measure, though some improvements in item wording could be incorporated and tested (for instance, item 18 should be positively worded as the rest of the items in order to avoid the effect of negative wording).

Psychometric properties of the leisure time satisfaction scale in family caregivers / Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con el Ocio en familiares cuidadores

BACKGROUND: despite evidence of the numerous benefits of leisure to health and well-being appropriate tools to assess this construct are lacking. The purpose of this work was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Leisure Time Satisfaction (LTS). METHOD: The sample was made up of 1048 primary family caregivers of dependent people. Scale structure was subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Concurrent and convergent validity were assessed by correlation with validated questionnaires for measuring burden (Zarit Burden Inventory - ZBI) and health (SF-36 Health Survey). RESULTS: The results show a high level of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .938) suitable fit of the dimensional model tested via confirmatory factor analysis (GFI = .925, BBNNFI= .996; IFI= .998, RMSEA= .043), and appropriate convergent validity with similar constructs (r = -.44 with ZBI; and r-values between .226 and .440 with SF-36 dimensions). CONCLUSION: Psychometric results obtained from the LTS are promising and the results enable us to draw the conclusion that it is a suitable tool for assessing caregivers' leisure time satisfaction

ANTECEDENTES: a pesar de las evidencias sobre los beneficios del ocio para la salud y el bienestar, apenas existen instrumentos para medir este constructo. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la Escala de Satisfacción con el Ocio. MÉTODO: la muestra ha estado formada por 1.048 familiares cuidadores. La estructura de la escala ha sido analizada a través de análisis factoriales (exploratorio y confirmatorio) y para evaluar la validez concurrente y discriminante se han utilizado escalas validadas de sobrecarga (Zarit Burden Inventory - ZBI) y salud (SF-36 Health Survey). RESULTADOS: los resultados muestran una buena consistencia interna (Alpha de Cronbach = .938), un buen ajuste al modelo (GFI = .925, BBNNFI= .996; IFI= .998, RMSEA= .043) y una adecuada validez convergente con constructos similares (r = -.44 con ZBI y valores r entre .226 y .440 con SF-36). CONCLUSIÓN: las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la Leisure Time Satisfaction Scale (LTS) son prometedoras y los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que es un instrumento adecuado para evaluar la satisfacción con el ocio de familiares cuidadores de personas dependientes

Psychometric properties of the Leisure Time Satisfaction Scale in family caregivers.

BACKGROUND: Despite evidence of the numerous benefits of leisure to health and well-being appropriate tools to assess this construct are lacking. The purpose of this work was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Leisure Time Satisfaction (LTS). METHOD: The sample was made up of 1048 primary family caregivers of dependent people. Scale structure was subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Concurrent and convergent validity were assessed by correlation with validated questionnaires for measuring burden (Zarit Burden Inventory - ZBI) and health (SF-36 Health Survey). RESULTS: The results show a high level of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .938) suitable fit of the dimensional model tested via confirmatory factor analysis (GFI = .925, BBNNFI= .996; IFI= .998, RMSEA= .043), and appropriate convergent validity with similar constructs (r = -.44 with ZBI; and r-values between .226 and .440 with SF-36 dimensions). CONCLUSION: Psychometric results obtained from the LTS are promising and the results enable us to draw the conclusion that it is a suitable tool for assessing caregivers’ leisure time satisfaction.

Autopercepción del estado de salud en familiares cuidadores y su relación con el nivel de sobrecarga / Family caregiver’s self-perceived health status and its relation to burden

El objetivo del estudio es conocer cómo percibe su estado de salud una muestra de cuidadores familiares de la provincia de Vizcaya y comparar los resultados con datos referidos a población general española. Además se pretende comprobar si existe relación entre la salud percibida y el nivel de sobrecarga. La muestra consta de 1.257 cuidadores/as de personas dependientes. Se ha utilizado un protocolo elaborado para recoger información sobre aspectos sociodemográficos, salud percibida relacionada con la calidad de vida (SF-36) y sobrecarga (Zarit Burden Inventory). Los resultados muestran que la percepción general de salud de las personas cuidadoras que han participado en el estudio es peor que la de la población general española y que esta percepción es especialmente acusada en lo que se refi ere al componente de salud mental. Además, las correlaciones muestran que cuanto peor es la salud percibida mayor es la sobrecarga. Estos resultados confirman los hallazgos obtenidos en otros estudios y proporcionan claves para orientar las intervenciones dirigidas a mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas cuidadoras (AU)

The study aims to analyze how health is self-perceived by a sample of caregivers of dependant relatives and how it compares with general Spanish population scores. The study also focuses on the relations between self-perceived health and burden. The sample comprised 1,257 caregivers living in Biscay who completed the protocol including sociodemographic data, measures of health-related quality of life (SF-36) and burden (Zarit Burden Inventory). Results show that the health perception of the caregivers taking part into the study reached lower scores in comparison to general Spanish population and that this perception was lower in mental than in physical health. Correlational data supports previous findings indicating that high levels of burden are associated with a worse perception of mental and physical health and provide information on how to guide interventions to improve family caregivers’ quality of life (AU)

[Family caregiver's self-perceived health status and its relation to burden]. / Autopercepción del estado de salud en familiares cuidadores y su relación con el nivel de sobrecarga.

The study aims to analyze how health is self-perceived by a sample of caregivers of dependant relatives and how it compares with general Spanish population scores. The study also focuses on the relations between self-perceived health and burden. The sample comprised 1,257 caregivers living in Biscay who completed the protocol including sociodemographic data, measures of health-related quality of life (SF-36) and burden (Zarit Burden Inventory). Results show that the health perception of the caregivers taking part into the study reached lower scores in comparison to general Spanish population and that this perception was lower in mental than in physical health. Correlational data supports previous findings indicating that high levels of burden are associated with a worse perception of mental and physical health and provide information on how to guide interventions to improve family caregivers' quality of life.